Whiteflytransmitted ssdna viruses with ssdna satellites, causing diseases of cotton, vegetables, and ornamentals december 15, 2016 revised december 2, 2017 table of contents. Review article an overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease. In 199394 the cotton crop over 889000 hectares was damaged while there was record loss. The economic threshold level etl for white fly is more than 10 whiteflies in the middle region of the plant in more than 50 per cent of the total plants or adults produce. Recovery plan cotton leaf curl disease caused by a leaf.
Pdf an overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease clcud a. An overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease clcud a serious threat to cotton productivity article pdf available in australian journal of crop science february 2015 with 1,740 reads. Nov 01, 2000 cotton leaf curl virus disease cotton leaf curl virus disease briddon, r. Cotton leaf curl disease clcud is caused by a pathogen complex rather than a single entity. Among the biotic factors, cotton leaf curl disease clcud is the most destructive disease of cotton, which is caused by cotton leaf curl virus clcuv. Since then, cotton crop suffered from encroachment of land sugarcane encroached best cotton growing area, viruses and water shortage issues.
All the members of this genus are economically important as they are pathogens of various plant species, such as radish, tomato, etc. An overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease clcud a serious threat to cotton productivity amjad farooq 1, jehanzeb farooq, abid mahmood 1, amir shakeel 2, abdul rehman 3, asia batool 4, muhammad riaz 1, muhammad tasdiq hussain shahid 1 and saira mehboob 4. Pdf an overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease clcud. Cotton leaf curl disease, a multicomponent begomovirus. However, in the past two decades, cotton production in asian countries such as pakistan, india and china, was threatened by the epidemic of cotton leaf curl disease clcud briddon and markham 2000. Molecular characterization of cotton infecting begomovirus es and.
There are about 75 destructive diseases of cotton 3. Cotton is the collective name given to four species of plants in the genus gossypium, gossypium hirsutum, gossypium barbadense, gossypium arboreum and gossypium herbaceum which are perennial shrubs in the family malvaceae grown for the fluffy fiber which protects the seeds of the plant. Leaf curl disease is potentially the most serious disease of egyptian cotton in the sudan, and is only kept under control by the uprooting and burning of every plant in the 200,000 acres of cotton grown annually in the gezira. Pdf cotton leaf curl virus disease a principle cause of. Abutilon mosaic malvaceous chlorosis virus suspect begomovirus bemisia tabaci transmitted anthocyanosis suspect virus blue disease suspect virus or phytoplasma leaf crumple genus bigeminivirus, cotton leaf curl virus clcuv leaf curl genus bigeminivirus, cotton leaf curl virus clcuv leaf mottle suspect virus etiology. Cotton not only provides fiber to textile industry but its seed is used as an important source of edible oil. The present epidemic of cotton leaf curl disease clcud originated in the punjab region near the city of multan and was first reported in 1985, although it was noted in this region as early as 1967. Management of cotton leaf curl virus disease and its vector. During its life cycle, cotton is exposed to about 75 destructive diseases from sowing till harvesting. Leaf curl virus disease caused by a gemini virus is a devastating disease of cotton crop in pakistan. Cotton leaf curl viral disease complex caused by cotton. Later on it was reported from tanzania in 19262 and from sudan in 19343. The identification of molecular markers linked to leaf curl virus clcuv disease resistance in cotton has the potential to improve both the efficiency and the efficacy of selection in cotton breeding programs.
Recovery plan cotton leaf curl disease caused by a leaf curl virus. Cotton leaf curl is a destructive disease of cotton and several other malvaceous plant species that is transmitted by b. Diallel analysis of cotton leaf curl virus clcuv disease, earliness, yield and fiber traits under clcuv infestation in upland cotton naqib ullah khan department of plant breeding and genetics, the university of agriculture, peshawar 25, pakistan corresponding author. First report of cotton leaf curl virus infecting cotton was from nigeria in 1912. Pdf an overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease, persistant. While the widely cultivated cotton species gossypium hirsutum is.
Mehbooburrahman identification of dna markers for cotton leaf curl disease clcd in cotton gossypium hirsutum l. Rnainterference rnai is a proven technology used for knockdown of gene expression in higher organisms and viruses. Betasatellites, such as cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite clcumub, are approximately half the size of the dna genomes of their helper begomoviruses. These studies, however, did not address the infectivity of the clones that were produced and the aetiology of the disease remained unclear. Clcudis a major constraint to cotton production where it occurs. Viruses of the genus begomovirus family geminiviridae have circular singlestranded dna genomes and are transmitted by the whitefly bemisia tabaci 7. Cotton leaf curl disease clcud is a serious disease of cotton which has characteristic symptoms, the most unusual of which is the formation of leaf like enations on the undersides of leaves. Identification of dna components required for induction of. May 21, 2011 leaf curl virus disease of cotton was first observed at tiba sultan near multan in the year 1967. Cotton leaf curl disease is among the most devastating natural calamity that inflicted huge losses to cotton crop productivity especially in pakistan during the last 20 years. Engineer complete resistance to cotton leaf curl multan.
Cotton leaf curl virus disease cotton diseases,virus. Cotton not only provides fiber to textile industry but its seed is used as an important. Various types of cotton leaf spot diseases grew mildew alterneria leaf spot bactreial blight rust leaf curl virus disease etc. Identification and classification of cotton leaf spot. Tomato leaf curl virus after infection within 20 days disease losses up to 92. Cotton leaf curl disease clcud is a major constraint to cotton production across pakistan and northwestern india. Severe form in september and november stunted and excessively branched leaves show downward rolling. Cotton leaf curl virus clcuv is the most serious disease of cotton in almost all cotton growing areas of the country. Enhancing cotton germplasm, improving resistance to cotton. Gossypium hirsutum important cash crop of pakistan. Pdf an overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease clcud a serious threat to productivity pdf cotton leaf curl virus disease a principle cause of decline in. Among them, cotton leaf curl virus disease clcuvd is one of the significant factors responsible for yield reduction worldwide. In pakistan, cotton leaf curl virus clcv was observed near multan in 19674. In 1991 the cotton area affected by this disease was about 35,000 hectares mehbub, et al 1992.
Host range, vector relations and serological relationships of cotton. Pdf cotton leaf curl virus disease a principle cause of decline in. Geminiviral diseases of cotton 127 cotton leaf curl disease a phylogenetic tree based on complete nucleotide sequences of all cotton begomoviruses is shown in figure 3. The disease is caused by monopartite begomoviruses, the most important of which at this time is cotton leaf curl burewala virus clcubuv, in association with a specific satellite. Molecular insight into cotton leaf curl geminivirus.
To date 10 viruses from the genus begomovirus, namely. A new virus disease in alabama cotton alabama cooperative. Earlier, we have shown that tomato leaf curl virus from punjab is a bipartite geminivirus. The disease is of viral origintransmitted by the whitefly bemisia tabaci, which is difficult to control because of the prevalence of multiple virulent viral strains or related species. Identification and application of biocontrol agents against. Tomato leaf curl virus, a whiteflytransmitted geminivirus in the most important constraint for tomato production in sindh. In the past, efforts were made to combat this disease by.
Introduction cotton leaf curl, a viral disease of cotton, was reported for the first time in 1912 from nigeria1. Frontiers genetics and genomics of cotton leaf curl disease. Cotton leaf curl disease clcud is a major constraint to cotton production in pakistan. Pdf among most serious threats of last two decades with reference to cotton crop in pakistan is cotton leaf curl virus. Cotton leaf curl disease clcud is caused by a pathogen complex of a virus and a dna beta satellite dna. Identification and application of biocontrol agents. The present epidemic of cotton leaf curl disease clcud originated in the punjab region near the city of multan and was first.
A cotton leaf curl disease epidemic in the indian subcontinent was first reported in 1967 from multan, pakistan. Molecular insight into cotton leaf curl geminivirus disease. Enation is the main identification mark of cotton leaf curl virus disease. Currently, shortfall is expected around 25% majorly due to farm inputs, including poor quality seed, cotton leaf curl virus clcv, pest management issue, lack of plant resistant seeds. C lcuv belongs to genus begomovirus of geminiviridae family and is. A group of whitefly transmitted ssdna viruses with ssdna satellites, causing leaf curl disease of cotton, vegetables, and ornamentals contents july 28, 20 page executive summary and contributors 1 i. It also acts as a vector of cotton leaf curl virus.
Detection and relationships of cotton leaf curl virus and. Cotton leaf curl viral disease complex caused by cotton leaf. Leafcurl of cotton in garden zinnias in north india nature. A stock culture of cotton leaf curl virus from pakistan clcuv.
The dilemma of clcud is still under discussion among the researchers since. Clcuv belongs to genus bego movirus of geminiviridae family and is. Present status of cotton leaf curl virus disease clcuvd. Rebound of cotton leaf curl multan virus and its exclusive. Cotton leaf curl virus clcuv is the most devastating pathogen of cotton, which is responsible for causing huge economic yield losses especially in agricultural countries like pakistan, where cotton. With increased cultivation of cotton, the disease became.
It was initially reported in 1967 in multan district as a minor disease to g. The disease is caused by whiteflytransmitted geminiviruses family geminiviridae, genus begomovirus in association with specific, symptommodulating satellites betasatellites and. Infectious clones of the monopartite begomovirus cotton leaf curl virus clcuv, associated with diseased cotton, are unable to induce typical symptoms in host plants. They require the helper begomoviruses for replication and movement in plants and only encode a single multifunctional pathogenicity. Cotton leaf curl virus clcuv disease is crucial threat for cotton production in pakistan. Molecular phylogenetic tracking of tomato leaf curl virus. Cotton is one of the most important economic crops across the globe. They are a serious problem of dicots in tropical and subtropical regions where they are obligatorily. Diallel analysis of cotton leaf curl virus clcuv disease.
Nigeria in 1912 pakistan is 5th biggest cotton producer country. Engineer complete resistance to cotton leaf curl multan virus. Genetic analysis suggested that clcuv resistance is controlled by a single dominant gene. Mayee, exchairman asrb and was attended by 10 scientists from public sector institutions and. Transcriptomics reveals multiple resistance mechanisms. Clcud is transmitted exclusively by whitefly bemisia tabaci,which.
Review article an overview of cotton leaf curl virus. Field evaluation of selected strains of cotton, gossypium barbadense l. In terms of production, china, the united states, india and pakistan are the worlds major cotton producing countries. This virus belongs to the family geminiviridae and genus begomovirus. Cotton gossypium hirsutum is the most important cash crop having a great agroeconomic significance throughout the world. Aug 26, 2019 cotton leaf curl disease clcud symptoms and quantification on resistance and susceptible cotton genotypes. Cotton leaf curl disease an emerging threat to cotton. Pdf cotton leaf curl virus clcuv disease in pakistan. This is the first report of the detection of tomato leaf curl virus from sindh. Proceedings of the one day meeting on evaluation for. Artificial micrornamediated resistance against the. C1 protein induces autophagy by disrupting the interaction of autophagyrelated protein 3 with glyceraldehyde 3phosphate dehydrogenases asigul ismayila, meng yanga, yakupjan haxima, yunjing wanga, jinlin lia, lu hana, yan wanga, xiyin zhenga, xiang weia, ugrappa nagalakshmib, yiguo hongc, linda.
Many environmental factors are responsible for the establishment of cotton leaf curl virus. Cotton is grown around sixty countries of the world. The disease affected veins appear abnormal, dark green and opaque mirza et al. This disease is caused by cotton leaf cur virus which is mainly acquired and transmitted by the vector whitefly bemisia tabaci.
Cotton leaf curl virus clcuv is the most serious disease of cotton in almost all cottongrowing areas of the country. Cotton leaf curl multan virus newly reported to be associated with cotton leaf curl disease in china. Cotton is one of the most important crops of pakistan, accounting for over 60% of foreign exchange earnings. This disease caused heavy damage to cotton crop during 90s. Leaves of infected cotton curl upward and bear leaf like enations on the underside along with vein thickening. Cotton leaf curl viruses clcuv are a number of plant pathogenic virus species of the family geminiviridae in asia and africa the major disease of cotton is caused by the cotton leaf curl geminivirus clcuv. Cotton leaf curl disease clcud, caused by cotton leaf curl viruses clcuvs, is among the most devastating diseases in cotton. This disease is transmitted by white fly bemisia tabaci and is characterized by thickening of veins, enations and twisting of leaves. It was readily detected in triple antibody sandwich elisa tas.
Severe leaf curl disease of cowpea a new disease of. Cotton leaf curl virus disease clcuvd limits cotton production in many cotton growing countries of the world, including pakistan. Plant viruses diseases and symptoms linkedin slideshare. An overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease, persistant. Cotton leaf curl disease clcud after its first epidemic in 1912 in nigeria, has spread to different cotton growing countries including united states, pakistan, india, and china. Symptomological studies of clcuv on cotton plant reveals that this disease causes upward and downward curling of leaves accomplished by. In general, these viruses have been implicated to cause 60% up to almost 100% yield loss in tomato production globally. Husain queries the possibility of aleurodids being responsible for the transmission of this disease, and points out that aleurodids do not convey. Cotton leaf curl virus disease clcud is caused by a suite of whiteflytransmitted begomovirus species and strains, resulting in extensive losses annually in india and pakistan.
Recovery plan cotton leaf curl disease caused by a leaf curl. Pk, was transmitted by whiteflies bemisia tabaci to seven plant species, including french bean, okra, tobacco and tomato, and caused vein thickening and leaf curl symptoms. Subsequently, a virus called cotton leafroll dwarf virus usclrdv genus polerovirus, family luteoviridae, was identified in samples collected from barbour county. Temperature range of 28 40 o c, relative humidity of 58 60%, wind speed at the rate of 6 12 kmh is suitable for the development of cotton leaf curl virus. Whiteflytransmitted viruses causing leaf curl diseases of cotton, vegetable crops, and. Cotton leaf curl disease is caused by a complex of begomovirus species, all of which incite similar symptoms in cotton and are transmitted by the whitefly bemisia tabaci but are less than 89% identical to each other at the nucleotide level over the entire length of the genome and also vary in geographic distribution. The cotton leaf curl disease is most damaging when cotton plants become infected. Frontiers genetics and genomics of cotton leaf curl.
The effect of leaf curl disease on the yield of the cotton plant. The disease is caused by cotton leaf curl virus clcuv. In this study, a small interfering rna sirna construct was designed to target the ac1 gene of. According to massey and andrews 1932, the first case of leaf curl in the sudan was probably in 1923. Cai jh, xie k, lin l, qin bx, chen bs, meng jr, et al. Cotton leaf curl disease has been reported from the indian subcontinent and africa affecting tetraploid cotton gossypium hirsutumand g. In the indian subcontinent, cotton is facing a real threat due to cotton leaf curl disease clcud, one of the most important diseases and a limiting factor of cotton production in india and pakistan sattar et al. The pathogen complex is comprised of a virus and a dna beta satellite dna. Icardas pakistanus cotton productivity enhancement program 201015, id1198 enhancing cotton germplasm, improving resistance to cotton leaf curl virus disease clcvd and supporting cotton best management practices bmps for small farmers icarda project no. Mayee molecular characterization for leaf curl virus resistance in cotton 16. Clcuv is a single stranded dna virus belongs to genus begomovirus and family geminiviridae 4. There are many different virus species, all belonging to the begomovirusgenus, and dna.
Abutilon mosaic malvaceous chlorosis virus suspect begomovirus bemisia tabaci transmitted anthocyanosis suspect virus blue disease suspect virus or phytoplasma leaf crumple genus bigeminivirus, cotton leaf curl virus clcuv leaf curl genus bigeminivirus, cotton leaf curl virus clcuv leaf mottle suspect virus etiology unknown leaf roll. Cotton leaf curl geminivirus clcuv is a disease of cotton caused by a whitefly bemisia tabaci l. Cotton leaf curl virus clcuv belongs to genus begomovirus. In late august through october of 2017, cotton plants displaying symptoms of a possible virus disease were observed in producer fields across alabama. Evaluation for cotton leaf curl virus disease clcud at central institute for cotton research, nagpur 5th august, 2014 the meeting on evaluation for cotton leaf curl virus disease clcud was chaired by dr c. Symptoms consist of leaf curling, vein thickening, leaf enations, and stunting and distortion of plants. Cotton diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation. Mathematical modeling of cotton leaf curl virus with. Virus species causing cotton leaf curl disease in pakistan and. Cotton leaf curl disease caused by a leaf curl virus complex begomovirus, geminiviridae.
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